188 indexed · 188 with a record

Peptide records

Every compound we hold something on. Where a record is thin the page says which fields are empty and why, rather than leaving a heading with nothing under it.

Last updated 12 August 2026

188records

183carry a rung

28FDA approved

1062citations on file

765declared gaps

Compound	Category	Strongest rung	Citations	Half-life	Regulatory	Summary
5-Amino-1MQ	Metabolic & Weight Management	animal in vivo	10	6.9 h	—	Body composition support through NNMT pathway modulation.
Acetyl Tetrapeptide-11	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	in vitro	4	—	Cosmetic ingredient	A synthetic cosmetic tetrapeptide studied in vitro for epidermal firmness and cell adhesion.
Acetyl Tetrapeptide-5	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	human observational	6	—	Cosmetic ingredient	A topical tetrapeptide studied for periorbital puffiness, capillary leakage, and collagen glycation.
Acetyl Tetrapeptide-9	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	human RCT	6	—	Cosmetic ingredient	A topical tetrapeptide studied for dermal density, skin thickness, and collagen organisation.
Adamax	Cognitive & Neuroprotection	no sources yet	—	—	—	A high-potency Semax-family signal for focus and drive.
Adiponectin	Metabolic & Weight Management	human observational	11	—	Human research reportedunverified	An endogenous adipokine from fat tissue, studied as an insulin-sensitivity and cardiometabolic marker.
Adrenomedullin	Cardiovascular & General Hormonal & Sexual Health / Cardiovascular	animal in vivo	3	22 min	In or past clinical trialsverified	An endogenous vasodilator peptide studied in sepsis, heart failure, and vascular barrier research.
Agouti-Related Protein (AgRP)	Sleep, Mood & Stress	animal in vivo	6	—	Endogenous — not a therapeutic	An endogenous hypothalamic peptide that drives feeding, studied as an energy-balance and glucocorticoid marker.
Amylin	Metabolic & Weight Management	animal in vivo	4	20 min	In or past clinical trialsverified	A pancreatic beta-cell hormone co-secreted with insulin; its analogues are studied for glycaemia and weight.
Angiotensin (1-7)	Cardiovascular & General	human RCT	2	—	In or past clinical trialsverified	A counter-regulatory renin-angiotensin peptide studied in COVID-19, vascular disease, and fibrosis.
Angiotensin I	Cardiovascular & Metabolic	human observational	11	—	Human research reportedunverified	The inactive decapeptide precursor of the renin-angiotensin system, used mainly as a research probe.
Angiotensin II	Cardiovascular & General Cognitive & Neuroprotection	human RCT	1	—	FDA approved	An endogenous vasoconstrictor peptide, approved as an intravenous vasopressor for septic and distributive shock.
Anserine	Longevity & Cellular Health	human RCT	6	—	Human research reportedunverified	A histidine dipeptide from meat and fish, studied for pH buffering, antioxidant, and exercise research.
AOD-9604	Metabolic & Weight Management	human case series	6	—	Human research reportedunverified	A GH-fragment signal used for fat-mobilization research.
Apelin	Cardiovascular & General	animal in vivo	4	—	In or past clinical trialsverified	An endogenous cardiovascular peptide studied for cardiac contractility, vasodilation, and heart failure.
ARA-290	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	animal in vivo	7	2 min	—	A tissue-protective signal studied for nerve irritation and repair.
Argireline (Acetyl Hexapeptide-3)	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	human RCT	4	—	In or past clinical trialsverified	A topical hexapeptide studied as a non-injectable approach to expression lines and skin quality.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)	Cardiovascular & General Cardiovascular & Metabolic	animal in vivo	3	4 min	In or past clinical trialsverified	A cardiac hormone released on atrial stretch, studied for natriuresis, diuresis, and heart failure.
Bactericidal/Permeability-Increasing Protein (BPI)	Immune & Antimicrobial	human RCT	3	—	In or past clinical trialsverified	A neutrophil granule protein studied for Gram-negative bactericidal activity and endotoxin neutralisation.
Bacteriocins	Immune & Antimicrobial	animal in vivo	6	—	Preclinical / research only	Ribosomally made antimicrobial peptides from bacteria, studied as food preservatives and antibiotic alternatives.
Balenine	Longevity & Cellular Health	animal in vivo	6	—	Preclinical / research only	A histidine dipeptide abundant in whale and pig muscle, studied for antioxidant and muscle-recovery research.
Boceprevir	Antimicrobial & Antiviral	human RCT	3	—	FDA approved	An oral hepatitis C protease inhibitor approved for chronic genotype 1 infection.
Bombesin	Cognitive & Neuroprotection	human observational	4	—	In or past clinical trialsverified	A fourteen-amino-acid amphibian peptide studied for satiety, gastrointestinal hormone release, and tumour imaging.
BPC-157	Gastrointestinal Health Tissue Repair & Regeneration	animal in vivo	3	15 min	In or past clinical trialsverified	A broad repair signal for tissue, gut barrier, and recovery research.
Bradykinin	Cardiovascular & General Cardiovascular & Metabolic	human observational	10	—	Human research reportedunverified	An endogenous kinin peptide studied for vasodilation, vascular permeability, pain, and angioedema.
Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)	Cardiovascular & General Cardiovascular & Metabolic	human observational	3	—	In or past clinical trialsverified	A ventricular hormone released on cardiac wall stress, used as a heart failure marker and studied as an infusion.
Brinp-2 Related Peptide (BRP)	Metabolic & Weight Management	animal in vivo	1	—	Preclinical / research only	A twelve-amino-acid brain peptide from BRINP2, studied in mice and pigs for reduced food intake.
C-Type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP)	Cardiovascular & General Cardiovascular & Metabolic	human RCT	8	3 min	Human research reportedunverified	A natriuretic peptide from endothelium and cartilage, studied for bone growth and vascular tone.
Cagrilintide	Metabolic & Weight Management	human RCT	11	1.1 wk	Human research reportedunverified	A long-acting amylin analogue studied for weight loss, alone and combined with semaglutide.
Carnosic Acid	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	animal in vivo	5	—	Cosmetic ingredient	A rosemary-derived phenolic diterpene, not a peptide, studied topically for wound repair and fibrosis.
Carnosine	Longevity & Cellular Health	human RCT	10	—	Human research reportedunverified	A muscle dipeptide of beta-alanine and histidine, studied for buffering, antioxidant, and endurance research.
CART (Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript)	Sleep, Mood & Stress	human observational	6	—	Endogenous — not a therapeutic	An endogenous hypothalamic neuropeptide studied as an anorectic signal downstream of leptin.
Cartalax	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	human observational	2	—	—	A cartilage-support peptide positioned for joint-comfort research.
Cartilage Peptides	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	animal in vivo	3	—	In or past clinical trialsverified	Hydrolysed fish or animal cartilage supplying collagen peptides and chondroitin sulphate, studied for knee comfort.
Cecropins	Immune & Antimicrobial	in vitro	6	—	Preclinical / research only	A family of insect antimicrobial peptides, first isolated from moth pupae, studied against bacteria.
Cerebrolysin	Cognitive & Neuroprotection	human RCT	10	—	Approved outside the USsource claim, unverified	A porcine brain peptide and amino-acid preparation studied in stroke recovery and dementia.
Cetrorelix	Hormonal & Sexual Health	human RCT	3	7.5 h	FDA approved	A synthetic GnRH antagonist decapeptide used to prevent premature LH surges during ovarian stimulation.
Chemerin	Cardiovascular & General	human observational	5	—	Preclinical / research only	An adipokine and chemoattractant protein studied as a marker of obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation.
Cholecystokinin (CCK)	Gastrointestinal Health Cognitive & Neuroprotection	animal in vivo	9	—	Human research reportedunverified	A gut hormone from intestinal I cells, studied for gallbladder contraction, digestion, and satiety.
CJC-1295 DAC	Growth Hormone & Performance	human RCT	11	6.9 d	—	A longer-acting GHRH analog for pulsatile GH-axis research.
CJC-1295 no-DAC	Growth Hormone & Performance	review or editorial	8	7 min	—	A short-acting GHRH analog used for daily GH-pulse modeling.
Collagen Peptides	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	human observational	4	—	In or past clinical trialsverified	Hydrolysed collagen taken orally, studied for skin elasticity, hydration, wound healing, and joint outcomes.
Cortexin	Cognitive & Neuroprotection	human RCT	3	—	Approved outside the USsource claim, unverified	A low-molecular-weight polypeptide fraction from cattle brain cortex, given intramuscularly and studied in stroke and encephalopathy.
CRH (Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone)	Hormonal & Sexual Health	human observational	10	—	Human research reportedunverified	The hypothalamic 41-amino-acid stress hormone, given intravenously as a diagnostic test of pituitary-adrenal function.
Decapeptide-12	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	human RCT	6	—	Cosmetic ingredient	A synthetic cosmetic decapeptide applied topically and studied for melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
Defensins	Immune & Antimicrobial	in vitro	3	—	Preclinical / research only	A family of endogenous cationic host-defence peptides, studied as antimicrobials and as templates for synthetic mimetics.
Dermcidin	Immune & Antimicrobial	animal in vivo	5	—	Endogenous — not a therapeutic	An antimicrobial peptide secreted constitutively in human sweat, studied as part of innate skin defence.
DHEA	Hormonal & Sexual Health	human RCT	7	a bound, not a value	FDA approved	DHEA is an endogenous adrenal steroid that is not itself strongly androgenic; it is converted in peripheral tissue into androgens and oestrogens. It occupies three different regulatory objects at once: an oral over-the-counter dietary supplement in the United States, a prescription-only vaginal insert (prasterone, 6.5 mg) approved by the FDA in 2016 and the European Commission in 2018 for dyspareunia due to menopausal vulvar and vaginal atrophy, and a substance prohibited in sport at all times. The registrational evidence belongs to the vaginal insert and to a single indication; it does not transfer to oral supplement use.
Dihexa	Cognitive & Neuroprotection	animal in vivo	2	—	Preclinical / research only	An orally active angiotensin IV analogue studied in rodent models of cognitive impairment; no validated human data.
Dipeptide Diaminobutyroyl Benzylamide Diacetate	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	human observational	6	—	Cosmetic ingredient	A synthetic cosmetic dipeptide modelled on snake venom, applied topically and studied for expression wrinkles.
DSIP	Sleep, Mood & Stress	animal in vivo	6	4 min	—	A sleep-onset and circadian-support peptide signal.
Dulaglutide	Metabolic & Weight Management	human RCT	6	5 d	FDA approved	A once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes and studied for cardiovascular outcomes.
Dynorphin A	Cognitive & Neuroprotection	animal in vivo	3	—	In or past clinical trialsverified	An endogenous opioid peptide from prodynorphin, studied in pain, addiction, and stress-response research.
Elabela	Cardiovascular & General	animal in vivo	5	13 min	Preclinical / research only	An endogenous apelin receptor ligand, studied preclinically in cardiovascular, renal, and embryonic development research.
Elastin Peptides	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	human RCT	1	—	Human research reportedunverified	Hydrolysed elastin used orally or topically, studied for skin elasticity and biophysical skin properties.
β-Endorphin	Cognitive & Neuroprotection	human observational	6	—	Human research reportedunverified	An endogenous opioid peptide cleaved from pro-opiomelanocortin, studied in pain, stress, and eating-behaviour research.
Endothelin-1	Cardiovascular & General Cardiovascular & Metabolic	human observational	11	—	Human research reportedunverified	A 21-amino-acid peptide released by vascular endothelium, studied as a vasoconstrictor and cardiovascular marker.
Enfuvirtide	Antimicrobial & Antiviral	human RCT	3	1.6 h	FDA approved	A 36-amino-acid HIV-1 fusion inhibitor approved for treatment-experienced patients with drug-resistant infection.
Epitalon	Longevity & Cellular Health Sleep, Mood & Stress Cognitive & Neuroprotection	animal in vivo	7	—	Human research reportedunverified	A circadian and longevity-oriented peptide signal.
Estradiol	Hormonal & Sexual Health	human RCT	5	2.7 h	FDA approved	Estradiol is the principal endogenous oestrogen in humans and a small-molecule steroid, not a peptide. It is an approved prescription medicine in the United States, with FDA labelling for moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms, vulvar and vaginal atrophy, hypoestrogenism due to hypogonadism, castration or primary ovarian failure, prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis, and palliation of advanced breast and prostate cancer. Its labelling carries a boxed warning covering endometrial cancer, cardiovascular disorders, probable dementia and breast cancer.
Exenatide	Metabolic & Weight Management	human RCT	3	2.4 h	FDA approved	A synthetic exendin-4 GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes.
Exendin-4	Metabolic & Weight Management	human RCT	3	1.8 h	In or past clinical trialsverified	A 39-amino-acid peptide from Gila monster venom, the parent molecule of exenatide, studied in diabetes.
FOXO4-DRI	Longevity & Cellular Health	in vitro	6	—	Preclinical / research only	A preclinical senolytic research peptide.
Galanin	Miscellaneous & Research Sleep, Mood & Stress	human observational	6	—	Human research reportedunverified	A widely distributed neuropeptide studied in feeding, nociception, mood, and gastrointestinal and pancreatic function.
Galantide	Cognitive & Neuroprotection	animal in vivo	6	—	Preclinical / research only	A chimeric research peptide joining galanin and substance P fragments, used as a galanin receptor antagonist.
Ganirelix	Hormonal & Sexual Health	human RCT	3	13 h	FDA approved	A synthetic GnRH antagonist used in assisted reproduction to prevent premature luteinising hormone surges.
Gastrin	Gastrointestinal Health	human observational	10	—	Human research reportedunverified	A gastric antral hormone studied for acid secretion, mucosal growth, and neuroendocrine tumour physiology.
GHK-Cu	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	human observational	7	—	In or past clinical trialsverified	A copper-bound tripeptide applied topically, studied for skin remodelling, collagen synthesis, and wound repair.
GHK (Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine)	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	human observational	7	—	Cosmetic ingredient	A naturally occurring plasma tripeptide, studied topically and in gene-expression work on tissue repair.
Ghrelin	Metabolic & Weight Management	human observational	11	11 min	Human research reportedunverified	A stomach-derived hormone studied for appetite, growth hormone release, and energy balance.
GHRH (Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone)	Growth Hormone & Performance	human observational	3	8 min	In or past clinical trialsverified	The hypothalamic 44-amino-acid releasing hormone that drives pituitary growth hormone secretion.
GHRP-1	Growth Hormone & Performance	human RCT	4	—	In or past clinical trialsverified	A synthetic growth hormone-releasing peptide studied for growth hormone secretion in animals and humans.
GHRP-2	Growth Hormone & Performance	human observational	5	33 min	Human research reportedunverified	A legacy ghrelin-receptor signal for GH-pulse comparison.
GHRP-6	Growth Hormone & Performance	animal in vivo	6	2.5 h	Human research reportedunverified	An older appetite-forward GH secretagogue signal.
GIP (Gastric Inhibitory Peptide)	Gastrointestinal Health	human observational	6	—	Human research reportedunverified	An incretin hormone released by intestinal K cells, studied in insulin secretion and fat metabolism.
GLP-1 (7-36)	Metabolic & Weight Management	review or editorial	3	2 min	In or past clinical trialsverified	The active incretin fragment of proglucagon, studied for insulin secretion, appetite, and gastric emptying.
GLP-2 (Teduglutide)	Gastrointestinal Health	human RCT	3	—	FDA approved	A degradation-resistant GLP-2 analogue approved for short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure.
Glutathione	Longevity & Cellular Health	human RCT	11	—	Human research reportedunverified	A foundational redox and detoxification support molecule.
GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone)	Hormonal & Sexual Health	human RCT	10	—	Human research reportedunverified	The hypothalamic decapeptide driving pituitary gonadotropin release, used diagnostically and by pulsatile pump.
Gonadorelin	Hormonal & Sexual Health	human RCT	11	—	Human research reportedunverified	Synthetic GnRH with the identical natural sequence, used to test pituitary gonadotroph function.
Guanylin	Gastrointestinal Health	animal in vivo	7	—	Human research reportedunverified	An endogenous intestinal peptide studied for fluid secretion and as template for guanylate cyclase C agonists.
hCG	Hormonal & Sexual Health	human observational	5	—	—	A gonadotropin signal for testicular and fertility-axis research.
Hexapeptide-11	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	human RCT	5	—	Cosmetic ingredient	A yeast-derived cosmetic hexapeptide applied topically and studied for skin firmness and cellular senescence.
Hexapeptide-9	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	human RCT	5	—	Cosmetic ingredient	A collagen-derived cosmetic hexapeptide applied topically and studied against wrinkles and visible skin ageing.
Hexarelin	Growth Hormone & Performance	animal in vivo	6	1.1 h	Human research reportedunverified	A synthetic hexapeptide growth hormone secretagogue, studied for growth hormone release and cardiac protection.
hGH	Growth Hormone & Performance	human observational	5	3.4 h	—	A master anabolic hormone signal for GH/IGF-axis research.
HGH Frag 176-191	Metabolic & Weight Management	animal in vivo	9	—	No approved product in any jurisdiction; rodent-stage evidence only	The last sixteen residues of human growth hormone, sold on the claim that they carry the hormone's fat-metabolising action without its effect on blood glucose. The published work behind that claim is rodent, and most of it was done on the fifteen-residue peptide hGH 177-191 or on AOD9604, a tyrosine-substituted analogue that is a different molecule.
Histatins	Immune & Antimicrobial	human observational	6	—	Human research reportedunverified	A family of human salivary peptides studied for antifungal defence against Candida and oral wound healing.
Humanin	Longevity & Cellular Health Cognitive & Neuroprotection Metabolic & Weight Management	human observational	6	—	Preclinical / research only	A mitochondrially encoded 24-residue peptide studied for cytoprotection, neuroprotection, and metabolic ageing.
Hyaluronic Acid Binding Peptide	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	animal in vivo	6	—	Preclinical / research only	A synthetic peptide that binds hyaluronic acid, studied in cartilage lubrication and osteoarthritis models.
IGF-1	Growth Hormone & Performance	human observational	8	6 h	Human research reportedunverified	The main mediator of growth hormone action, given as mecasermin for severe primary IGF-1 deficiency.
IGF-1 LR3	Growth Hormone & Performance	human case series	7	—	Preclinical / research only	An extended IGF-1 analog studied for myogenic repair signals.
Ipamorelin	Growth Hormone & Performance	human RCT	3	2 h	In or past clinical trialsverified	A cleaner GH secretagogue signal with lower spillover profile.
Irisin	Cardiovascular & General	human observational	11	21 min	Endogenous — not a therapeutic	An exercise-induced myokine cleaved from FNDC5, studied as a marker of adipose browning and metabolic health.
Kisspeptin-10	Hormonal & Sexual Health	animal in vivo	3	—	In or past clinical trialsverified	An HPG-axis peptide signal for reproductive-hormone research.
KPV	Gastrointestinal Health	animal in vivo	2	—	Preclinical / research only	An anti-inflammatory peptide fragment for mucosal and swelling research.
L-Carnitine	Metabolic & Weight Management	human RCT	10	—	—	A mitochondrial transport nutrient for fat-oxidation and endurance research.
Lactoferricin	Immune & Antimicrobial	animal in vivo	4	—	In or past clinical trialsverified	An antimicrobial fragment of lactoferrin studied against bacteria and Candida, with hLF1-11 taken into human trials.
Leptin	Metabolic & Weight Management	human RCT	3	26 min	In or past clinical trialsverified	An adipocyte hormone signalling energy stores, given as metreleptin for generalised lipodystrophy and leptin deficiency.
Leu-Enkephalin	Cognitive & Neuroprotection	animal in vivo	6	—	Human research reportedunverified	An endogenous opioid pentapeptide from proenkephalin, studied in pain, mood, and stress signalling.
Leuprolide	Hormonal & Sexual Health	human RCT	3	3 h	FDA approved	A synthetic GnRH agonist used in prostate cancer, endometriosis, fibroids, and central precocious puberty.
Liraglutide	Metabolic & Weight Management	human RCT	5	13 h	FDA approved	A once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes and for chronic weight management.
Lixisenatide	Metabolic & Weight Management	human RCT	4	3 h	FDA approved	A once-daily short-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist for type 2 diabetes, aimed at post-meal glucose.
LL-37 (Cathelicidin)	Immune & Antimicrobial	human observational	11	—	Human research reportedunverified	The only human cathelicidin peptide, studied for antimicrobial action, wound healing, and immune signalling.
Magainins	Immune & Antimicrobial	in vitro	3	—	In or past clinical trialsverified	Antimicrobial peptides from Xenopus frog skin; the analogue pexiganan reached Phase 3 for infected diabetic ulcers.
Melanotan I	Hormonal & Sexual Health	human RCT	8	15 h	FDA approved	A more MC1R-selective melanocortin signal for photoprotection research.
Melanotan II	Sleep, Mood & Stress Hormonal & Sexual Health	human observational	8	—	Human research reportedunverified	A non-selective melanocortin signal with tanning and appetite/arousal effects.
Melittin	Immune & Antimicrobial	animal in vivo	6	—	Preclinical / research only	The main peptide of honeybee venom, studied for membrane-lytic antimicrobial and anticancer activity.
Met-Enkephalin	Cognitive & Neuroprotection	animal in vivo	3	—	In or past clinical trialsverified	An endogenous opioid pentapeptide, also called opioid growth factor, studied in immune modulation and cell proliferation.
MK-677	Growth Hormone & Performance	human observational	7	—	—	An oral ghrelin-receptor GH secretagogue research compound.
Motilin	Gastrointestinal Health	human observational	6	—	Human research reportedunverified	A small-intestinal hormone that drives interdigestive gut contractions, studied as a prokinetic target.
MOTS-c	Longevity & Cellular Health Metabolic & Weight Management	animal in vivo	7	—	Human research reportedunverified	A mitochondrial-derived peptide for metabolic-flexibility research.
Myristoyl Pentapeptide-17	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	human observational	5	—	Cosmetic ingredient	A lipopeptide cosmetic ingredient used in eyelash and eyebrow conditioning products.
N-Acetylcysteine (NAC)	Longevity & Cellular Health Cognitive & Neuroprotection	human observational	10	8 h	Human research reportedunverified	A cysteine prodrug used as a mucolytic and as the antidote for paracetamol overdose.
NAD+ Boosting / Precursor Peptides	Longevity & Cellular Health Cognitive & Neuroprotection	human RCT	7	—	Human research reportedunverified	Small-molecule NAD+ precursors such as nicotinamide riboside and mononucleotide, studied for mitochondrial and ageing endpoints.
NAD+	Longevity & Cellular Health	animal in vivo	5	—	—	A core cellular-energy cofactor for mitochondrial and repair research.
Nesfatin-1	Metabolic & Weight Management	human observational	7	—	Endogenous — not a therapeutic	A NUCB2-derived peptide studied as an appetite-suppressing brain signal and a metabolic marker.
Nesiritide	Cardiovascular & General Hormonal & Sexual Health / Cardiovascular	human RCT	3	20 min	FDA approved	A recombinant human B-type natriuretic peptide given intravenously in acute decompensated heart failure.
Neuropeptide Y	Sleep, Mood & Stress	animal in vivo	3	—	In or past clinical trialsverified	An abundant brain and sympathetic neuropeptide studied for stress resilience, anxiety, and appetite.
Neurotensin	Miscellaneous & Research Cognitive & Neuroprotection	animal in vivo	3	—	In or past clinical trialsverified	A thirteen-residue brain and gut peptide studied in appetite, blood pressure, analgesia, and reward.
Nisin	Immune & Antimicrobial	in vitro	3	—	In or past clinical trialsverified	A lantibiotic bacteriocin from Lactococcus lactis, long used as a food preservative and studied as an antimicrobial.
Nociceptin	Cognitive & Neuroprotection	in vitro	4	—	In or past clinical trialsverified	A seventeen-residue opioid-like peptide acting at the NOP receptor, studied in pain, mood, and bladder function.
Nonapeptide-1	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	human RCT	5	—	Cosmetic ingredient	A synthetic cosmetic peptide used in topical products aimed at hyperpigmentation and uneven tone.
Noopept	Cognitive & Neuroprotection	animal in vivo	11	—	Approved outside the USsource claim, unverified	A synthetic proline-containing dipeptide developed in Russia and studied preclinically for memory and neuroprotection.
Obestatin	Metabolic & Weight Management	human RCT	6	—	Preclinical / research only	A 23-residue peptide from the ghrelin precursor whose physiological role remains disputed.
Oligopeptide-34	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	human observational	3	—	Cosmetic ingredient	A synthetic cosmetic peptide used in topical products aimed at pigmentation and skin brightness.
Omentin	Cardiovascular & General	human observational	5	—	Endogenous — not a therapeutic	An adipokine secreted mainly by visceral fat, studied as a metabolic and inflammatory marker.
Orexin-A	Sleep, Mood & Stress Metabolic & Weight Management	human observational	6	—	Human research reportedunverified	A hypothalamic neuropeptide governing arousal and appetite, deficient in narcolepsy type 1.
Orexin-B	Metabolic & Weight Management	animal in vivo	5	—	Preclinical / research only	The second hypothalamic orexin peptide, studied for arousal, feeding, and vascular signalling.
Oxytocin	Cognitive & Neuroprotection	human observational	5	4 min	In or past clinical trialsverified	A bonding and autonomic-state signal for social-stress research.
P21	Cognitive & Neuroprotection	animal in vivo	6	—	—	A neuroplasticity-oriented peptide for learning and recovery research.
PACAP (Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Peptide)	Miscellaneous & Research Cognitive & Neuroprotection	human RCT	4	—	In or past clinical trialsverified	A widely distributed neuropeptide studied in migraine, stress, and neuroprotection; infusion provokes migraine-like attacks.
Palmitoyl Hexapeptide-12	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	human RCT	6	—	Cosmetic ingredient	A lipidated elastin-fragment peptide used in topical firming and anti-ageing formulations.
Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4 (Matrixyl)	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	human RCT	6	—	Cosmetic ingredient	A lipidated procollagen fragment used topically, tested against placebo in photoaged facial skin.
Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	human RCT	4	—	In or past clinical trialsverified	A palmitoylated tetrapeptide used topically in skin inflammation, photoageing, and barrier research.
Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	human RCT	6	—	Cosmetic ingredient	A palmitoylated GHK tripeptide applied topically in collagen, wrinkle, and skin-quality research.
Palmitoyl Tripeptide-38	Longevity & Cellular Health	human RCT	6	—	Cosmetic ingredient	A palmitoylated tripeptide (Lys-Met-Lys motif) used topically in skin matrix and wrinkle research.
PEA	Cognitive & Neuroprotection	human RCT	6	—	—	An oral fatty-acid amide for pain and inflammatory tone research.
Pentapeptide-18	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	computational	5	—	Cosmetic ingredient	A leu-enkephalin analogue applied topically in expression-line, skin-texture, and pigmentation research.
PGLa	Immune & Antimicrobial	computational	3	—	Preclinical / research only	An antimicrobial peptide from Xenopus laevis skin, studied for membrane-permeabilising activity against bacteria.
Pinealon	Cognitive & Neuroprotection	animal in vivo	2	—	Human research reportedunverified	A CNS trophic peptide positioned for cognitive resilience research.
Pramlintide	Metabolic & Weight Management	human RCT	3	48 min	FDA approved	A synthetic analogue of human amylin, approved as mealtime insulin adjunct in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Progesterone	Hormonal & Sexual Health	human RCT	9	22.8 h	FDA approved	Progesterone is the endogenous C21 steroid produced by the corpus luteum, placenta and adrenal cortex. Micronisation reduces particle size so the oral form is absorbed well enough to be given as a capsule; the same molecule is also given vaginally and by intramuscular injection in oil. It is FDA-approved in the United States for preventing endometrial hyperplasia in non-hysterectomised postmenopausal women taking conjugated oestrogens, and for secondary amenorrhoea.
Proline-rich Antimicrobial Peptides (PrAMPs)	Immune & Antimicrobial	animal in vivo	6	—	Human research reportedunverified	A family of cationic host-defence peptides, including bactenecin 7, studied for intracellular antibacterial action.
Psoriasin (S100A7)	Immune & Antimicrobial	animal in vivo	8	—	Endogenous — not a therapeutic	An endogenous S100 host-defence protein secreted by epithelia, studied as a skin antimicrobial and inflammation marker.
PT-141	Hormonal & Sexual Health	human RCT	11	2.7 h	FDA approved	A central melanocortin arousal signal with FDA-approved HSDD context.
PYY3-36	Metabolic & Weight Management	human RCT	3	—	In or past clinical trialsverified	The circulating form of the gut hormone peptide YY, studied for appetite and food-intake suppression.
Relaxin	Cardiovascular & General Hormonal & Sexual Health / Cardiovascular	human observational	10	4.6 h	Human research reportedunverified	A peptide hormone; its recombinant H2 form, serelaxin, was trialled intravenously in acute heart failure.
Retatrutide	Metabolic & Weight Management	human RCT	3	6 d	In or past clinical trialsverified	A triple-agonist metabolic signal for aggressive fat-loss research.
RNase 7	Immune & Antimicrobial	human observational	6	—	Human research reportedunverified	An endogenous ribonuclease released by keratinocytes, studied as a skin-surface antimicrobial and immune modulator.
Sauvagine	Sleep, Mood & Stress	animal in vivo	6	—	Preclinical / research only	A 40-residue frog skin peptide of the corticotropin-releasing factor family, used as a research receptor agonist.
Secretin	Gastrointestinal Health	human RCT	3	45 min	FDA approved	A duodenal hormone given intravenously as a diagnostic agent for pancreatic function and gastrinoma.
Selank	Sleep, Mood & Stress Cognitive & Neuroprotection	animal in vivo	5	—	Approved outside the USsource claim, unverified	An anxiolytic peptide signal for stress-resilience research.
Semaglutide	Metabolic & Weight Management	human RCT	5	1 wk	FDA approved	A GLP-1 receptor agonist signal for weight and glycemic research.
Semax	Sleep, Mood & Stress Cognitive & Neuroprotection	animal in vivo	6	—	Approved outside the USsource claim, unverified	A cognitive-drive peptide signal for focus and neural repair research.
Sermorelin	Metabolic & Weight Management	human RCT	3	4 min	FDA approved	A GHRH analog for pituitary-led GH-pulse research.
Setmelanotide	Hormonal & Sexual Health	human RCT	3	11 h	FDA approved	A cyclic alpha-MSH analogue approved for obesity caused by POMC, PCSK1, or LEPR deficiency.
Silk Peptides	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	animal in vivo	7	—	Cosmetic ingredient	Hydrolysed silk proteins, mainly sericin and fibroin, used topically in skin hydration and ageing research.
Simonson Alpha 1	Miscellaneous & Research	no sources yet	—	—	Human research reportedunverified	No summary on file. what this record holds
Snap-8	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	human observational	5	—	Cosmetic ingredient; no medicinal approval sought or granted in any jurisdiction	A topical cosmetic peptide, an eight-residue acetylated fragment patterned on the N-terminal end of SNAP-25, sold for the appearance of expression lines. Every peer-reviewed human study naming it tested it inside a multi-ingredient product, so no published result isolates what this peptide does on its own.
Sofosbuvir	Antimicrobial & Antiviral	human RCT	3	—	FDA approved	An oral nucleotide analogue approved for chronic hepatitis C as part of combination antiviral therapy.
Soy Peptides	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	in vitro	3	—	In or past clinical trialsverified	Enzymatic hydrolysates of soy protein, studied orally for blood pressure and topically for skin ageing.
SS-31	Longevity & Cellular Health Tissue Repair & Regeneration (Mitochondrial)	human RCT	7	—	—	A mitochondrial peptide signal for cristae and fatigue research.
Substance P	Miscellaneous & Research Cognitive & Neuroprotection	human RCT	3	—	In or past clinical trialsverified	An endogenous eleven-residue tachykinin, infused in research as a pain and headache provocation agent.
Survodutide	Metabolic & Weight Management	human RCT	10	—	Human research reportedunverified	A weekly injectable dual glucagon and GLP-1 receptor agonist trialled for obesity and MASH.
TB-500	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	animal in vivo	7	1.3 h	—	A soft-tissue repair signal for migration, recovery, and remodelling research.
Telaprevir	Antimicrobial & Antiviral	human RCT	3	—	FDA approved	An oral hepatitis C protease inhibitor, approved in 2011 and since withdrawn from the market.
Temporins	Immune & Antimicrobial	animal in vivo	6	—	Preclinical / research only	A family of short antimicrobial peptides from frog skin secretions, studied against bacteria, fungi, and protozoa.
Tesamorelin	Metabolic & Weight Management	human RCT	3	10 min	FDA approved	A GH-axis peptide signal for visceral-fat and recovery research.
Testosterone	Hormonal & Sexual Health	human RCT	8	1.1 wk	FDA approved	Testosterone is the principal endogenous androgen, given clinically as an ester in oil, a transdermal gel or patch, or an oral undecanoate. In men, the FDA-labelled indication is replacement in primary hypogonadism or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and the label figures below are male replacement figures. In women the evidence base is separate and far narrower: the 2019 Global Consensus Position Statement, endorsed by the Endocrine Society, the International Menopause Society and others, records postmenopausal hypoactive sexual desire disorder as the only evidence-based indication, and records insufficient evidence for cognition, mood, general wellbeing, bone mineral density and body composition. Doses studied in women are roughly an order of magnitude below male replacement doses.
Tetrapeptide-21	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	animal in vivo	4	—	Cosmetic ingredient	A synthetic matrikine tetrapeptide (GEKG) applied topically in extracellular matrix and wrinkle research.
Tetrapeptide-30	Longevity & Cellular Health	computational	5	—	Cosmetic ingredient	A synthetic tetrapeptide (PKEK) applied topically in skin tone and hyperpigmentation research.
Thymalin	Immune & Antimicrobial	human observational	5	—	—	A thymic extract complex for immune-restoration research.
Thymopentin	Immune & Antimicrobial	human observational	10	—	Human research reportedunverified	A synthetic pentapeptide matching thymopoietin residues 32-36, studied as an immune-modulating agent.
Thymosin alpha-1	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	human RCT	10	2 h	Approved outside the USsource claim, unverified	An immune-modulating peptide signal for post-viral and T-cell research.
Thymosin Beta-4	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	human RCT	10	1.5 h	—	A full-length TB-4 signal for wound and anti-fibrotic research.
Thymulin	Immune & Antimicrobial	animal in vivo	7	—	Preclinical / research only	A zinc-dependent thymic signal for immune-stress research.
Tirzepatide	Metabolic & Weight Management	human RCT	5	5 d	FDA approved	A dual incretin signal for weight and glycemic-control research.
Tripeptide-10 Citrulline	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	human RCT	1	—	Cosmetic ingredient	A citrullinated tripeptide mimicking decorin, applied topically in collagen structure and skin elasticity research.
Tripeptide-29	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	not graded	1	—	Cosmetic ingredient	A synthetic Gly-Pro-Hyp collagen motif tripeptide, studied for fibroblast activity and skin condition.
Urocortin	Hormonal & Sexual Health	animal in vivo	3	—	In or past clinical trialsverified	A family of corticotropin-releasing factor-related peptides infused in research on vasodilation and heart failure.
Uroguanylin	Gastrointestinal Health	human RCT	2	—	Human research reportedunverified	An endogenous intestinal peptide hormone studied for fluid secretion, sodium balance, and gut-kidney signalling.
Urotensin II	Cardiovascular & General Sleep, Mood & Stress / Cardiovascular	animal in vivo	8	—	Preclinical / research only	An endogenous cyclic peptide, among the most potent mammalian vasoconstrictors identified, studied in cardiovascular research.
Vasopressin	Hormonal & Sexual Health / Cardiovascular	human RCT	12	—	FDA approved	An endogenous nonapeptide hormone. In the United States it is FDA-approved only to raise blood pressure in adults with vasodilatory shock; its use in diabetes insipidus is not an approved indication.
Vaspin	Cardiovascular & General	human observational	8	—	Endogenous — not a therapeutic	An endogenous adipokine (SERPINA12) studied as a metabolic marker and insulin-sensitivity signal.
VIP	Miscellaneous & Research Cognitive & Neuroprotection	human observational	12	—	—	A vasoactive intestinal peptide signal for MCAS and dysautonomia research.
VK2735	Metabolic & Weight Management	human RCT	10	—	Human research reportedunverified	An investigational weekly injectable dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist trialled for weight management.
Wheat Peptides	Tissue Repair & Regeneration	human RCT	3	—	In or past clinical trialsverified	Enzymatic hydrolysates of wheat protein, studied orally for blood pressure and topically as skin conditioners.