Thymosin Beta-4

Mechanism

G-actin sequestration, Ac-SDKP release, and anti-fibrotic signaling.

Reported effects

What sources associate with this compound. Reported categories, not outcomes we have graded — each would need its own citation and rung.

• Soft-tissue repair
• Anti-fibrotic action
• Wound and ophthalmic trial context

Reconstitution

mass ÷ diluent = concentration; dose ÷ concentration = volume; volume × the syringe factor = units on the barrel (100 for U-100, 40 for U-40). Run your own numbers.

Half-life, storage & sport

Elimination half-life

0.95 to 2.1 h (dose-dependent, 42 mg to 1260 mg) (human, IV) — study. Bioengineering & translational medicine 2026; healthy volunteers in a Phase 1 dose-escalation safety study (NCT05485818); figure restated by this paper from its reference 15.

In sport (WADA 2026)

Prohibited, at all times — named S2.3 (thymosin-beta4 and its derivatives). the list

The half-life on file is 1.5 h, measured intravenously. On the schedule this record states — twice a week — each dose has fallen to under 0.1% of its own peak by the time the next is given. Nothing accumulates, and there is no loading phase to run.

The half-life was measured by a route this is not given by. That makes it a lower bound rather than an estimate: absorption from an injection site goes on supplying the blood after an intravenous bolus would have cleared, so the real curve is flatter and lasts longer than the one drawn here. It is never shorter.

The rise is not modelled and the axis is not a blood level. No absorption rate constant and no volume of distribution are on file, so each dose appears at full height the instant it is given, and the axis is percent of this compound's own peak.

Literature on file 10

• review or editorial
  Thymosin beta 4: An emerging therapeutic candidate for kidney diseases. graded on: indexed as "Review" - secondary literature, not a study — “Review”
• review or editorial
  Effects of Supplementation in Masters Athletes and Older Adults: A Narrative Review. graded on: indexed as "Review" - secondary literature, not a study — “Review”
• animal in vivo
  Thymosin β4 alleviates sepsis-associated acute kidney injury by suppressing MAPK signaling pathway. graded on: an animal model — read from the indexed abstract — “mice”
• animal in vivo
  Effects of BPC-157 and TB-500 on Achilles tendon healing in rats: A histopathological and biomechanical study. graded on: an animal model — “rats”
• animal in vivo
  Recombinant Human Thymosin β4 Attenuates Endotoxemia-Induced ALI and EAE by Suppressing Inflammatory and Oxidative Responses. graded on: murine LPS endotoxemia model with survival and inflammatory endpoints — read from the abstract — “abstract review”
• human RCT
  NCT00382174: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose Response Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Thymosin Beta 4 in the Treatment of Patients With Pressure Ulcers graded on: randomised and placebo-controlled — “Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled”
• human RCT
  NCT00832091: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Response Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Thymosin Beta 4 in the Treatment of Patients With Venous Stasis Ulcers graded on: randomised and placebo-controlled — “Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled”
• human RCT
  NCT01387347: A Double-Masked, Randomized, Single-Center Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of 0.1% Tβ4 Ophthalmic Solution Compared to Vehicle on the Signs and Symptoms of Dry Eye in the Controlled Adverse Environment (CAE) Model graded on: a randomised study — “Randomized, Single-Center Study”
• human observational
  NCT01393132: Comparative Study of Thymosin Beta 4 Eye Drops or Vehicle in the Treatment of Patients With Ocular Surface Defects Due to Severe Dry Eye graded on: a registered clinical study — “clinicaltrials.gov”

Not graded

1 citation whose study design could not be read from the title. Left ungraded rather than guessed at.

• not graded
  NCT07586865: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Phase IIc Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of Recombinant Human Thymosin Beta 4 Injection (NL005) in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction graded on: NCT07586865 is not yet recruiting and has posted no results - a registration, not a reported outcome — “NCT07586865”

What is circulated not evidence 5

Claims passed around in community guides and vendor copy, recorded because they circulate — not because they are true. Each is shown with the page it was read from and what this record actually holds. Checked 2026-08-24.

• unverified community data sourcing ubiquitous contradicts the record

  In community usage thymosin beta-4 and TB-500 are treated as interchangeable names for one product, and TB-500 dosing charts are applied to vials sold as either.

  Controlled human pharmacokinetic and safety data exist only for intravenous thymosin beta-4 in healthy volunteers, not for the subcutaneous synthetic peptide sold for research.

  On the record The record keeps them as separate entries carrying the same dosing — 2-4 mg per administration twice weekly, cycle 4-8 weeks, held and marked unverified — but different grades: thymosin beta-4 rests on a randomised, placebo-controlled human trial, TB-500 on animal evidence. Two entries, one dose, two grades, and nothing on either explains the relationship; the community conflation is what the split guards against, and the record does not say so.

  Source 1 · Source 2

• unverified community data sourcing occasional contradicts the record

  The human safety and pharmacokinetic reassurance offered for TB-500 injections is drawn from intravenous thymosin beta-4 studies in healthy volunteers rather than from the subcutaneous fragment being sold.

  No published human pharmacokinetic data exists

  On the record The record holds a half-life for thymosin beta-4 of '0.95 to 2.1 h (dose-dependent, 42 mg to 1260 mg)'. Those trial doses are between ten and three hundred times the 2-4 mg per administration the same record carries as its dose, and nothing on file reconciles the two.

  Source 1

• unverified community data dose ubiquitous contradicts the record

  The 2-4 mg twice-weekly figure circulates for thymosin beta-4 as though it were the studied dose.

  2.5 to 4 mg per week...given either as a single weekly injection or split across the week

  On the record The record holds 2-4 mg per administration twice weekly, and marks it unverified. The human trials the record grades on used 42 mg to 1260 mg per dose intravenously; the community dose and the trial dose are not the same order of magnitude, and the record carries its human-trial grade without noting the gap.

  Source 1 · Source 2

• unverified community data benefit common agrees with the record

  Wound-healing and ophthalmic uses are cited in vendor copy as the human evidence for thymosin beta-4.

  Controlled human pharmacokinetic and safety data exist only for intravenous thymosin beta-4 in healthy volunteers, not for the subcutaneous synthetic peptide sold for research.

  On the record The record lists 'Soft-tissue repair', 'Anti-fibrotic action' and 'Wound and ophthalmic trial context' as benefits. The ophthalmic trial context is on file, and it is a topical eye indication rather than support for a systemic injection for tendon repair. The record names the context without naming the mismatch.

  Source 1

• unverified community data side effect ubiquitous nothing on file either way

  No side-effect profile is offered for thymosin beta-4 distinct from TB-500 in any source read.

  Days 3 to 5: mild fatigue or localized warmth may occur and are generally unremarkable.

  On the record No side effect is on file for thymosin beta-4, while the TB-500 entry holds two. The record graded on a human trial carries less safety information than the one graded on animal evidence, and the route is not on file — the record does not even say how it is given.

  Source 1

Identity

PubChem CID 45382195 computed 3D conformer

Skeletal formulathe canonical depiction

Drawn by PubChem from CID 45382195, the identifier on this record.

Molecular weight

4963

Molecular formula

C212H350N56O78S

PubChem CID

45382195

InChI key

UGPMCIBIHRSCBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Sequence

SDKPDMAEIEKFDKSKLKKTETQEKNPLPSKETIEQEKQAGES

SMILES

CCC(C)C(C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)NC(CC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CC(=O)N)C(=O)N2CCCC2C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)N3CCCC3C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(C(C)CC)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)NC(C)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCSC)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)O)NC(=O)C4CCCN4C(=O)C(CCCCN)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C

InChI

InChI=1S/C212H350N56O78S/c1-16-106(7)166(261-190(323)131(64-75-160(292)293)231-172(305)109(10)228-174(307)134(78-91-347-15)245-196(329)140(98-165(302)303)255-201(334)147-53-39-88-266(147)209(342)135(52-29-38-87-221)250-197(330)139(97-164(300)301)254-198(331)143(100-269)229-113(14)276)204(337)246-129(62-73-158(288)289)187(320)233-118(47-24-33-82-216)179(312)252-137(94-114-42-19-18-20-43-114)194(327)253-138(96-163(298)299)195(328)237-121(50-27-36-85-219)181(314)258-144(101-270)199(332)239-119(48-25-34-83-217)178(311)251-136(92-104(3)4)193(326)236-116(45-22-31-80-214)175(308)235-122(51-28-37-86-220)189(322)263-168(110(11)273)207(340)249-133(66-77-162(296)297)192(325)264-169(111(12)274)206(339)248-126(58-69-152(224)279)184(317)243-128(61-72-157(286)287)186(319)234-120(49-26-35-84-218)180(313)256-142(95-153(225)280)211(344)268-90-40-54-148(268)202(335)257-141(93-105(5)6)210(343)267-89-41-55-149(267)203(336)259-145(102-271)200(333)238-117(46-23-32-81-215)177(310)244-132(65-76-161(294)295)191(324)265-170(112(13)275)208(341)262-167(107(8)17-2)205(338)247-130(63-74-159(290)291)188(321)241-125(57-68-151(223)278)183(316)242-127(60-71-156(284)285)185(318)232-115(44-21-30-79-213)176(309)240-124(56-67-150(222)277)173(306)227-108(9)171(304)226-99-154(281)230-123(59-70-155(282)283)182(315)260-146(103-272)212(345)346/h18-20,42-43,104-112,115-149,166-170,269-275H,16-17,21-41,44-103,213-221H2,1-15H3,(H2,222,277)(H2,223,278)(H2,224,279)(H2,225,280)(H,226,304)(H,227,306)(H,228,307)(H,229,276)(H,230,281)(H,231,305)(H,232,318)(H,233,320)(H,234,319)(H,235,308)(H,236,326)(H,237,328)(H,238,333)(H,239,332)(H,240,309)(H,241,321)(H,242,316)(H,243,317)(H,244,310)(H,245,329)(H,246,337)(H,247,338)(H,248,339)(H,249,340)(H,250,330)(H,251,311)(H,252,312)(H,253,327)(H,254,331)(H,255,334)(H,256,313)(H,257,335)(H,258,314)(H,259,336)(H,260,315)(H,261,323)(H,262,341)(H,263,322)(H,264,325)(H,265,324)(H,282,283)(H,284,285)(H,286,287)(H,288,289)(H,290,291)(H,292,293)(H,294,295)(H,296,297)(H,298,299)(H,300,301)(H,302,303)(H,345,346)

Classified as

Actin Regulationmechanism

It is a genuinely molecular mechanism with a named binding partner, which puts it on firmer ground than the vaguer repair labels. Binding actin in a tube is still not a repair outcome, and a record should carry a rung for each.

Also called

• Thymosin Beta-4
• thymosin beta 4 tb 500

Listed prices 31

What 19 shops we track listed for Thymosin Beta-4, read from their own public catalogues on 2026-09-14. We take no commission on these and they are not ranked by any payment — how vendors are scored.

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