LL-37 (Cathelicidin)

Mechanism

Cationic amphipathic helix that permeabilises microbial membranes, neutralises lipopolysaccharide, and recruits leukocytes through formyl peptide and scavenger receptors.

Reported effects

What sources associate with this compound. Reported categories, not outcomes we have graded — each would need its own citation and rung.

• Antimicrobial research
• Wound healing research
• Inflammatory signalling context

Half-life, storage & sport

Elimination half-life

not on file — no primary pharmacokinetic study found.

Storage

Lyophilised: Stable at room temperature ~3 weeks; store desiccated below -18C. Reconstituted: 4C for 2-7 days; below -18C for future use; 0.1% HSA/BSA for long term; avoid freeze-thaw. — source. ProSpec technical datasheet. Supplier handling recommendation for research-grade lyophilate, not a per-compound stability study.

In sport (WADA 2026)

Prohibited, at all times — S0 catch-all. the list Not named; no therapeutic approval.

Literature on file 11

• review or editorial
  Cathelicidin LL-37: A Multitask Antimicrobial Peptide (2010, cited 189x) graded on: indexed as "Review" - secondary literature, not a study — “Review”
• review or editorial
  Vitamin D and antimicrobial peptides in skin health and disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential. graded on: indexed as "review-article" - secondary literature, not a study — “review-article”
• review or editorial
  β-Amyloid (Aβ) and Human Cathelicidin LL-37: Two Sides of the Same Coin? graded on: indexed as "review-article" - secondary literature, not a study — “review-article”
• animal in vivo
  Antibiotic loaded solid lipid nanoparticles target bacteria in a pyogenic spondylitis rat model. graded on: an animal model — “rat”
• animal in vivo
  Immunomodulatory Effects of Poly-D,L-Lactic Acid on LL-37-Driven Rosacea-like Inflammation via Suppression of mTORC1 Signaling. graded on: an animal model — read from the indexed abstract — “mice”
• animal in vivo
  LL-37 inhibits osteosarcoma progression by suppressing SQLE-mediated cholesterol synthesis via the PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway. graded on: an animal model — read from the indexed abstract — “xenograft”
• human observational
  NCT02225366: Induction of Antitumor Response in Melanoma Patients Using the Antimicrobial Peptide LL37 graded on: a registered clinical study — “clinicaltrials.gov”

Not graded

4 citations whose study design could not be read from the title. Left ungraded rather than guessed at.

• not graded
  NCT04098562: The Efficacy of LL-37 Cream on Aerobic Bacteria Colonization Pattern, Inflammation Response: Interleukin 1α (IL-1α) and Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α), and Healing Rate of Diabetic Foot Ulcers graded on: NCT04098562 is unknown and has posted no results - a registration, not a reported outcome — “NCT04098562”
• not graded
  NCT03923218: Evaluation of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels of LL-37 and Serum Vitamin D3 Levels in Smoker and Non-Smoker Patients With Chronic Periodontitis graded on: NCT03923218 is completed and has posted no results - a registration, not a reported outcome — “NCT03923218”
• not graded
  NCT04292548: Salivary TAS, TOS, LL-37 and Dental Status in Passive Smoking Children graded on: NCT04292548 is completed and has posted no results - a registration, not a reported outcome — “NCT04292548”
• not graded
  NCT06867250: Evaluation of Peri-Implant Sulcus Fluid Vitamin D and Cathelicidin (LL-37) Levels in Peri-Implant Health and Diseases graded on: NCT06867250 is completed and has posted no results - a registration, not a reported outcome — “NCT06867250”

What is circulated not evidence 4

Claims passed around in community guides and vendor copy, recorded because they circulate — not because they are true. Each is shown with the page it was read from and what this record actually holds. Checked 2026-08-24.

• unverified community data dose common nothing on file either way

  Subcutaneous LL-37 at 100 to 200 mcg daily, rising to 500 mcg, five days a week for two to four weeks is the community structure, and the same guide states no published human trial has tested the subcutaneous route at all.

  No published human trial has tested subcutaneous LL-37.

  On the record No dose is on file for LL-37: no figure, no range, no cycle. The routes on file are topical and intravenous, which does not include the subcutaneous route every dosing chart is built around, so the record and the community are describing two different products.

  Source 1 · Source 2 · Source 3

• unverified community data sourcing occasional nothing on file either way

  The human trial evidence cited in guides is a topical wound gel at 0.5, 1.6 and 3.2 mg/mL applied twice weekly, not any injection.

  twice weekly, topical

  On the record The record grades LL-37 a human case series on the strength of NCT02225366, an intratumoral injection in four melanoma patients, the only study that gave LL-37 to people; the other three cited records are observational. The topical wound gel trial the community cites is not the study the record grades on, and neither route matches the subcutaneous one being sold.

  Source 1

• unverified community data dose occasional nothing on file either way

  A nasal rinse of 50 to 100 mcg/mL once or twice daily is circulated for biofilm-associated sinusitis.

  No published human trial has tested subcutaneous LL-37.

  On the record Nothing on file. The record lists no intranasal route, no sinusitis indication and no biofilm claim for LL-37. The benefits on file are antimicrobial research, wound healing research and inflammatory signalling context.

  Source 1 · Source 2

• unverified community data side effect common nothing on file either way

  Injection-site redness, swelling, itching or burning are described as expected, and attributed to mast-cell activation and histamine release rather than to a problem with the dose.

  Injection-site redness, swelling, itching, or burning

  On the record No side effect is on file for LL-37. A reaction described everywhere as near-universal on this compound has no entry in the record at all.

  Source 1

Identity

PubChem CID 16198951 computed 3D conformer

Skeletal formulathe canonical depiction

Drawn by PubChem from CID 16198951, the identifier on this record.

Molecular weight

4493

Molecular formula

C205H340N60O53

CAS number

154947-66-7

PubChem CID

16198951

UniProt

P49913 (precursor)

InChI key

POIUWJQBRNEFGX-XAMSXPGMSA-N

SMILES

CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N3CCC[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC4=CC=CC=C4)NC(=O)[C@H](CC5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N

InChI

InChI=1S/C205H340N60O53/c1-20-114(16)162(261-179(296)128(66-40-46-86-211)235-176(293)135(74-78-155(273)274)243-170(287)125(63-37-43-83-208)241-192(309)148(106-266)257-174(291)126(64-38-44-84-209)234-171(288)129(67-47-87-225-201(215)216)240-185(302)142(98-119-55-29-24-30-56-119)252-187(304)144(100-121-59-33-26-34-60-121)253-189(306)146(102-158(279)280)233-154(272)104-230-167(284)138(94-109(6)7)248-166(283)122(212)93-108(4)5)194(311)231-105-153(271)232-123(61-35-41-81-206)168(285)242-136(75-79-156(275)276)177(294)251-141(97-118-53-27-23-28-54-118)184(301)238-124(62-36-42-82-207)169(286)236-131(69-49-89-227-203(219)220)181(298)263-164(116(18)22-3)197(314)259-160(112(12)13)195(312)246-134(73-77-151(213)269)175(292)237-132(70-50-90-228-204(221)222)180(297)262-163(115(17)21-2)196(313)245-127(65-39-45-85-210)172(289)256-147(103-159(281)282)190(307)254-143(99-120-57-31-25-32-58-120)186(303)249-139(95-110(8)9)183(300)239-130(68-48-88-226-202(217)218)173(290)255-145(101-152(214)270)188(305)250-140(96-111(10)11)191(308)260-161(113(14)15)199(316)265-92-52-72-150(265)193(310)244-133(71-51-91-229-205(223)224)182(299)264-165(117(19)268)198(315)247-137(76-80-157(277)278)178(295)258-149(107-267)200(317)318/h23-34,53-60,108-117,122-150,160-165,266-268H,20-22,35-52,61-107,206-212H2,1-19H3,(H2,213,269)(H2,214,270)(H,230,284)(H,231,311)(H,232,271)(H,233,272)(H,234,288)(H,235,293)(H,236,286)(H,237,292)(H,238,301)(H,239,300)(H,240,302)(H,241,309)(H,242,285)(H,243,287)(H,244,310)(H,245,313)(H,246,312)(H,247,315)(H,248,283)(H,249,303)(H,250,305)(H,251,294)(H,252,304)(H,253,306)(H,254,307)(H,255,290)(H,256,289)(H,257,291)(H,258,295)(H,259,314)(H,260,308)(H,261,296)(H,262,297)(H,263,298)(H,264,299)(H,273,274)(H,275,276)(H,277,278)(H,279,280)(H,281,282)(H,317,318)(H4,215,216,225)(H4,217,218,226)(H4,219,220,227)(H4,221,222,228)(H4,223,224,229)/t114-,115-,116-,117+,122-,123-,124-,125-,126-,127-,128-,129-,130-,131-,132-,133-,134-,135-,136-,137-,138-,139-,140-,141-,142-,143-,144-,145-,146-,147-,148-,149-,150-,160-,161-,162-,163-,164-,165-/m0/s1

Also called

• ll 37
• ll37
• ll 37 cap 18
• ll 37 –

Listed prices 132

What 94 shops we track listed for LL-37 (Cathelicidin), read from their own public catalogues on 2026-09-14. We take no commission on these and they are not ranked by any payment — how vendors are scored.

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