Cardiovascular & General; Cognitive & Neuroprotection

Angiotensin II

Angiotensin II is the hormone that raises blood pressure by tightening blood vessels, and an entire class of blood pressure tablets, the angiotensin II receptor blockers, exists for no other purpose than to block it. It is also a medicine in its own right, which is an unusual double life for a molecule: the US Food and Drug Administration approved a manufactured copy in 2017, under the brand name Giapreza, to raise dangerously low blood pressure in adults whose circulation has collapsed in septic shock. That is a titrated intensive-care infusion given under continuous monitoring, and it is the only approved use on file.

Last updated 12 August 2026

Studied forBlood pressure support · Vasopressor research · Fluid balance context

Evidence on fileFDA-approved

Mechanism

Binds the AT1 receptor on vascular smooth muscle, driving calcium-dependent contraction and adrenal aldosterone release.

Regulatory status

Approved by the FDA. Marketed as GIAPREZA, ANGIOTENSIN II. Earliest approval 2017-12-21. Application NDA209360, ANDA216966.

An approval grades as rung 1 on this site, because 21 CFR 314.126 requires adequate and well-controlled human investigations and one cannot be granted without them. It covers specific indications and doses, though, and does not transfer to other uses of the same molecule.

Reported effects

What sources associate with this compound. Reported categories, not outcomes we have graded — each would need its own citation and rung.

Blood pressure support
Vasopressor research
Fluid balance context

Dosing on file unverified

Start: 20 ng/kg/min IV; Titrate by up to 15 ng/kg/min q5min; Maintenance: ≤40 ng/kg/min; Doses as low as 1.25 ng/kg/min; Max: 40-80 ng/kg/min; N/A (not administered as therapeutic peptide)

Carried from a source that labels it unverified, and reproduced with that label attached. A record of what is reported, not a recommendation. No citation on this page establishes it.

Literature on file 1

human RCT
FDA approval NDA209360, ANDA216966 graded on: an FDA approval (NDA209360, ANDA216966), which requires adequate and well-controlled human investigations — “NDA209360, ANDA216966”

Identity

Space-filling 3D model of Angiotensin II, carbon grey, nitrogen blue, oxygen red — Built from the SMILES on this record — the atoms and bonds are exact. The shape is **one computed low-energy pose**, not a measured structure: a flexible peptide in solution has no single conformation, and where the SMILES leaves a stereocentre undefined the pose commits to one arbitrarily. The skeletal formula below claims connectivity and nothing more, which is what we actually know.

2D chemical structure of Angiotensin II — Built from the SMILES on this record — the atoms and bonds are exact. The shape is **one computed low-energy pose**, not a measured structure: a flexible peptide in solution has no single conformation, and where the SMILES leaves a stereocentre undefined the pose commits to one arbitrarily. The skeletal formula below claims connectivity and nothing more, which is what we actually know.

Molecular weight: 1046.2
Molecular formula: C50H71N13O12
CAS number: 4474-91-3
PubChem CID: 172198 (Angiotensin II)
UniProt: P01019 (precursor)
InChI key: CZGUSIXMZVURDU-JZXHSEFVSA-N
SMILES: CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1)C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@@H](CC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)N
InChI: InChI=1S/C50H71N13O12/c1-5-28(4)41(47(72)59-36(23-31-25-54-26-56-31)48(73)63-20-10-14-38(63)45(70)60-37(49(74)75)22-29-11-7-6-8-12-29)62-44(69)35(21-30-15-17-32(64)18-16-30)58-46(71)40(27(2)3)61-43(68)34(13-9-19-55-50(52)53)57-42(67)33(51)24-39(65)66/h6-8,11-12,15-18,25-28,33-38,40-41,64H,5,9-10,13-14,19-24,51H2,1-4H3,(H,54,56)(H,57,67)(H,58,71)(H,59,72)(H,60,70)(H,61,68)(H,62,69)(H,65,66)(H,74,75)(H4,52,53,55)/t28-,33-,34-,35-,36-,37-,38-,40-,41-/m0/s1

Also called

Angiotensin II (Memory)

Caveat on these identifiers

Source files disagreed on evidence tier for this peptide.

Notes unverified prose

FDA-approved (Giapreza) 2017; vasopressor in septic shock; FDA-approved (Giapreza); DailyMed; ARBs (angiotensin II receptor blockers) associated with 45% lower dementia risk and memory preservation; no direct Angiotensin II peptide dosing for cognition; ARBs associated with 45% lower dementia risk; no therapeutic peptide dosing

Not on file 2

1 of the 8 fields we track hold nothing on this record, and each says why. 1 further absence is named below. A blank field is a bug; a named absence is a finding.

amino-acid sequencenothing we hold supplies it
half-lifenothing we hold supplies it

Each field links to every other record missing the same thing. The full ledger holds 765 gaps across 163 records.

Listed prices 2

What 1 shop we track listed for Angiotensin II, read from their own public catalogues on 2026-09-14. We take no commission on these and they are not ranked by any payment — how vendors are scored.

Compare prices2 listings from 1 shop

Listed in USD
Vendor	Size	Price	Per mg
rPeptide	size not listed	$430.00 USD	—
rPeptide	size not listed	$530.00 USD	—

Prices are the vendor's own listing, reproduced with the date we read it — never converted between currencies, and compared per milligram only where the vendor states the vial size.