Gastrointestinal Health; Cognitive & Neuroprotection
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Cholecystokinin, usually shortened to CCK, is the hormone your gut releases the moment fat and protein reach the small intestine. It tells the gallbladder to squeeze, tells the pancreas to send enzymes, and signals the brain that a meal has arrived, which is why it sits at the centre of appetite research; the indexed literature runs back to 1929. Infused into 15 healthy men in a double-blind crossover, it cut what they ate at a single test meal by roughly half. The paper's own question was how much of that was nausea rather than satiety, and no human study on file tests CCK as a treatment for anything.
Last updated
Mechanism
Acts at CCK1 receptors on gallbladder smooth muscle, pancreatic acinar cells and vagal afferents, and at central CCK2 receptors.
Reported effects
What sources associate with this compound. Reported categories, not outcomes we have graded — each would need its own citation and rung.
- Gallbladder contraction research
- Pancreatic secretion research
- Satiety signalling context
Dosing on file unverified
CCK-8: 20 ng/kg IV bolus; 1-4 ng/kg/min IV infusion; 16.4-65.6 pmol/kg/hr; CCK-8: 1-4 ng/kg/min IV infusion; 30 pmol/kg/h; 0.02 mg/kg; Diagnostic: 1-4 ng/kg/min for gallbladder contraction
Carried from a source that labels it unverified, and reproduced with that label attached. A record of what is reported, not a recommendation. No citation on this page establishes it.
Literature on file 9
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review or editorial
Cholecystokinin and cholecystokinin receptors (2003, cited 48x) graded on: indexed as "Review" - secondary literature, not a study — “Review”
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animal in vivo
Excitatory cholecystokinin neurons in the CA3 area regulate the navigation learning and neuroplasticity. graded on: an animal model — read from the indexed abstract — “mice”
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animal in vivo
Evolutionary conservation and adaptability of cholecystokinin neuropeptide signaling in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. graded on: sea cucumber feeding experiments with receptor assays — read from the abstract — “abstract review”
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animal in vivo
Establishing Murine Intestinal Organoids to Study Nutrient- and Tastant-Evoked Gut Signaling. graded on: an animal model — “Murine”
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animal in vivo
Synaptic output from suprachiasmatic nucleus cholecystokinin neurons regulates locomotor rhythmicity. graded on: an animal model — read from the indexed abstract — “mice”
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in vitro
Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of pharmacokinetically optimized 99mTc-labeled cholecystokinin-2 receptor-targeted peptides for improved SPECT imaging. graded on: an in-vitro system — “in vitro”
Not graded
3 citations whose study design could not be read from the title. Left ungraded rather than guessed at.
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not graded
NCT02445508: Effect of Bile Acid Secretion and Sequestration on GLP-1 Secretion graded on: NCT02445508 is completed and has posted no results - a registration, not a reported outcome — “NCT02445508”
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not graded
NCT02497313: Effect of Metformin and Cholecystokinin-mediated Gallbladder Emptying on GLP-1 Secretion in Type 2 Diabetes graded on: NCT02497313 is completed and has posted no results - a registration, not a reported outcome — “NCT02497313”
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not graded
NCT00308776: Effect of Cholecystokinin on Binge Eating in Bulimia Nervosa graded on: NCT00308776 is terminated and has posted no results - a registration, not a reported outcome — “NCT00308776”
Identity
- UniProt
- P06307 (precursor)
Also called
- Cholecystokinin (CCK) (GI)
Caveat on these identifiers
Source files disagreed on evidence tier for this peptide.
Notes unverified prose
Diagnostic use (gallbladder contraction, pancreatic function); Human infusion studies: CCK-8 1-4 ng/kg/min; 1.5 ng/kg/min in older adults; 112 ng/min for 23 min with gastric distension; Diagnostic use (Kinevac®); CCK-8 IV infusions
Not on file 9
8 of the 8 fields we track hold nothing on this record, and each says why. 1 further absence is named below. A blank field is a bug; a named absence is a finding.
- molecular weightnothing we hold supplies it
- molecular formulanothing we hold supplies it
- CAS registry numbernothing we hold supplies it
- PubChem identifiernothing we hold supplies it
- amino-acid sequencenothing we hold supplies it
- SMILES stringnothing we hold supplies it
- InChInothing we hold supplies it
- InChI keynothing we hold supplies it
- half-lifenothing we hold supplies it
Each field links to every other record missing the same thing. The full ledger holds 765 gaps across 163 records.