SS-31

Mechanism

Binds cardiolipin, stabilizes cristae, and supports electron transport.

Reported effects

What sources associate with this compound. Reported categories, not outcomes we have graded — each would need its own citation and rung.

• Fatigue reduction
• HRV support
• Post-exertional malaise support

Figures

Every figure below is replotted by this site from values published in the cited paper's text or tables — the numbers are the study's, the drawing is ours, and the evidence rung on each image is the rung of its source.

Reconstitution

mass ÷ diluent = concentration; dose ÷ concentration = volume; volume × the syringe factor = units on the barrel (100 for U-100, 40 for U-40). Run your own numbers.

Reported adverse effects

• Injection site reactions

  Reported in trialsonset: Immediatereported reversible

Literature on file 7

• human RCT
  Efficacy and Safety of Elamipretide in Individuals With Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy: The MMPOWER-3 Randomized Clinical Trial (Neurology 2023) graded on: names a randomised controlled trial — “Randomized Clinical Trial”
• review or editorial
  Cardiolipin remodelling in mitochondrial therapeutics: translational evidence chains from elamipretide to emerging strategies. graded on: indexed as "review-article" - secondary literature, not a study — “review-article”
• human case series
  Elamipretide in pediatric Barth syndrome: from heart failure to school return. graded on: single documented paediatric case treated under compassionate use, with dose and outcome — read from the abstract — “abstract review”
• animal in vivo
  Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction With Elamipretide (SS-31) Improves Skeletal Muscle Performance in a HFpEF Rat Model. graded on: an animal model — “Rat”
• animal in vivo
  Elamipretide (SS-31) promotes recovery by preserving mitochondrial bioenergetics and neural remodeling after spinal cord injury. graded on: an animal model — read from the indexed abstract — “rats”
• human observational
  NCT05168774: A Pilot Investigator Initiated Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Elamipretide in the Treatment of Advanced Symptoms of Friedreich Ataxia (FRDA) graded on: a registered clinical study — “clinicaltrials.gov”

Not graded

1 citation whose study design could not be read from the title. Left ungraded rather than guessed at.

• not graded
  Elamipretide: a mitochondria-targeting drug for Barth syndrome.

What is circulated not evidence 5

Claims passed around in community guides and vendor copy, recorded because they circulate — not because they are true. Each is shown with the page it was read from and what this record actually holds. Checked 2026-08-24.

• unverified community data dose ubiquitous contradicts the record

  Community subcutaneous dosing is reported as roughly 1 to 5 mg daily in one guide and 5 to 20 mg daily in others, against a trial dose of 40 mg daily subcutaneously. The community protocols are between one-fortieth and one-half of the dose the human trials used.

  Community dosing protocols for subcutaneous SS-31 typically range from 1–5 mg daily

  On the record The record holds 5-10 mg per administration daily, and marks it unverified. The compound is graded on a randomised controlled human trial — so this is a compound where a human trial dose exists, and the range on file is a quarter to an eighth of it. The record does not say where its own 5-10 mg came from.

  Source 1 · Source 2 · Source 3

• unverified community data sourcing common cannot be checked

  Sources disagree flatly on regulatory status: one states elamipretide is not FDA-approved for any indication and received a Complete Response Letter in 2021, another states a 40 mg subcutaneous daily dose was approved on 19 September 2025 for Barth syndrome in patients of at least 30 kg.

  SS-31/Elamipretide is NOT FDA-approved for any indication.

  On the record No regulatory status is on file for ss-31 that resolves this. The record does grade the compound on a randomised controlled human trial, and treats ss-31 and elamipretide as one record. A buyer reading two guides gets two incompatible answers and the record does not settle it.

  Source 1 · Source 2

• unverified community data benefit ubiquitous contradicts the record

  Benefits circulated are fatigue reduction and mitochondrial support in healthy adults, whereas the trials cited are in mitochondrial myopathy, Barth syndrome, heart failure and dry age-related macular degeneration.

  40 mg SubQ daily dose used in Phase III trials was administered under medical supervision with regular safety monitoring.

  On the record The record lists benefits as 'Fatigue reduction', 'HRV support' and 'Post-exertional malaise support' — none of which is a trial indication. It grades the compound on a human trial run in a named disease population, while the benefit entries describe a healthy-adult use case; that mismatch is on file and unremarked.

  Source 1 · Source 2

• unverified community data titration common contradicts the record

  Cycling of four to eight weeks on with a two to four week break, extending to twelve weeks, is the community pattern.

  4–8 weeks on, 2–4 weeks off

  On the record The record holds a cycle of 8 to 12 weeks, matching the extended pattern only. No washout is on file, and the trial dosing that grounds the record's grade was continuous rather than cycled.

  Source 1

• unverified community data side effect common agrees with the record

  Injection-site reactions are named as the most frequent adverse event, with headache, gastrointestinal discomfort and fatigue also reported.

  Injection site reactions — redness, pain, swelling, or induration

  On the record The record holds one entry, 'Injection site reactions'. That matches. Headache, gastrointestinal discomfort and fatigue are not on file, and no half-life is on file either.

  Source 1

Identity

PubChem CID 11764719 computed 3D conformer

Skeletal formulathe canonical depiction

Drawn by PubChem from CID 11764719, the identifier on this record.

Molecular weight

639.8

Molecular formula

C32H49N9O5

CAS number

736992-21-5

PubChem CID

11764719

InChI key

SFVLTCAESLKEHH-WKAQUBQDSA-N

Sequence

RXKF

SMILES

CC1=CC(=CC(=C1C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)N)C)O

InChI

InChI=1S/C32H49N9O5/c1-19-15-22(42)16-20(2)23(19)18-27(41-29(44)24(34)11-8-14-38-32(36)37)31(46)39-25(12-6-7-13-33)30(45)40-26(28(35)43)17-21-9-4-3-5-10-21/h3-5,9-10,15-16,24-27,42H,6-8,11-14,17-18,33-34H2,1-2H3,(H2,35,43)(H,39,46)(H,40,45)(H,41,44)(H4,36,37,38)/t24-,25+,26+,27+/m1/s1

Classified as

Mitochondrial Cardiolipin Bindingmechanism

It is unusually specific for this field: a named lipid, a named location, and a binding claim that can be tested directly. That is quite different footing from the broad mitochondrial support language elsewhere on the site.

Mitochondrial Functionpathway

The phrase appears in a great deal of product copy but is measured very differently across studies, from oxygen consumption in cultured cells to exercise capacity in a person, and the rung a claim earns usually depends on which was actually done.

Subcutaneousroute

This is the route the reconstitution arithmetic assumes. Mass divided by diluent volume gives concentration, dose divided by concentration gives volume, and volume in mL multiplied by 100 gives units on a U-100 barrel: 5 mg in 2 mL is 2.5 mg/mL, and 0.25 mg comes out at 0.1 mL, which is 10 units.

Intravenousroute

A large share of the pharmacokinetic numbers attached to peptide records, half-life in particular, come from intravenous studies and often from animals. Those numbers describe an intravenous curve and do not transfer unchanged to a depot under the skin.

Also called

• 87GWG91S09
• Elamipretide
• MTP131
• SS-31
• SS-31 (Elamipretide) (Longevity)
• SS-31 (Elamipretide)
• § 31

Listed prices 207

What 124 shops we track listed for SS-31, read from their own public catalogues on 2026-09-14. We take no commission on these and they are not ranked by any payment — how vendors are scored.

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