Cardiovascular & General; Cardiovascular & Metabolic

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

For most of the twentieth century the heart was understood as a pump. In 1981 researchers injected an extract of rat atrial muscle into other rats and watched sodium pour out in the urine within minutes, and the heart became an endocrine organ as well. Atrial natriuretic peptide is the hormone behind that result, released by the upper chambers when they are stretched by too much fluid, carrying an instruction to the kidneys to shed salt and water. A manufactured version, carperitide, has been approved in Japan for acute heart failure since 1995 and nowhere else; a 2025 pooled analysis of roughly 2,400 patients found no difference against usual care in deaths or in heart failure hospitalisations.

Last updated 12 August 2026

Studied forSodium excretion research · Blood pressure context · Heart failure biomarker

Evidence on file1 animal study · 1 citation not yet graded

Strongest sourceA rapid and potent natriuretic response to intravenous injection of atrial myocardial extract in rats (Life S… (animal study)

Mechanism

Binds natriuretic peptide receptor-A, a membrane guanylyl cyclase, raising cGMP to drive sodium excretion and vasodilation.

Reported effects

What sources associate with this compound. Reported categories, not outcomes we have graded — each would need its own citation and rung.

Sodium excretion research
Blood pressure context
Heart failure biomarker

Dosing on file unverified

Infusion: 0.0125-0.1 µg/kg/min; 0.08-0.2 µg/kg/min; Bolus: 2 µg/kg/min; 0.015-0.075 µg/kg/min; 0.13 µg/kg/min

Carried from a source that labels it unverified, and reproduced with that label attached. A record of what is reported, not a recommendation. No citation on this page establishes it.

Half-life, storage & sport

Elimination half-life: 2–5 minutes (human, IV) — study. Journal of the Saudi Heart Association 2025.

The half-life on file is 4 min, measured intravenously. No dosing schedule could be read from this record, so the curve below is one dose drawn from the moment it is given. Nothing here says how often it is repeated.

One dose. 18 min of decay, normalised to its own peak.

The rise is not modelled and the axis is not a blood level. No absorption rate constant and no volume of distribution are on file, so each dose appears at full height the instant it is given, and the axis is percent of this compound's own peak.

Literature on file 3

animal in vivo
A rapid and potent natriuretic response to intravenous injection of atrial myocardial extract in rats (Life Sciences 1981, cited 2390x) graded on: an animal model — “rats”
review or editorial
Natriuretic Peptides (New England Journal of Medicine 1998, cited 1850x) graded on: indexed as "Review" - secondary literature, not a study — “Review”

Not graded

1 citation whose study design could not be read from the title. Left ungraded rather than guessed at.

not graded
NCT07617675: Perioperative Recombinant Human Brain Natriuretic Peptide for Renal Protection in Cardiac Surgery: the PROTECT-CS Randomized Clinical Trial graded on: NCT07617675 is not yet recruiting and has posted no results - a registration, not a reported outcome — “NCT07617675”

Identity

Space-filling 3D model of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP), carbon grey, nitrogen blue, oxygen red — Built from the SMILES on this record — the atoms and bonds are exact. The shape is **one computed low-energy pose**, not a measured structure: a flexible peptide in solution has no single conformation, and where the SMILES leaves a stereocentre undefined the pose commits to one arbitrarily. The skeletal formula below claims connectivity and nothing more, which is what we actually know.

2D chemical structure of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) — Built from the SMILES on this record — the atoms and bonds are exact. The shape is **one computed low-energy pose**, not a measured structure: a flexible peptide in solution has no single conformation, and where the SMILES leaves a stereocentre undefined the pose commits to one arbitrarily. The skeletal formula below claims connectivity and nothing more, which is what we actually know.

Molecular weight: 3080.5
Molecular formula: C127H203N45O39S3
CAS number: 89213-87-6
PubChem CID: 16129708
UniProt: P01160 (precursor)
InChI key: NSQLIUXCMFBZME-MPVJKSABSA-N
SMILES: CC[C@H](C)[C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)CCCNC(=N)N)CC(=O)O)CCSC)CCCNC(=N)N)CC2=CC=CC=C2)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)C(=O)O)CC(C)C)CO)CCC(=O)N)C
InChI: InChI=1S/C127H203N45O39S3/c1-9-64(6)99-121(209)150-52-94(182)151-65(7)100(188)155-76(34-35-91(129)179)109(197)167-85(56-174)104(192)149-53-96(184)153-78(43-62(2)3)102(190)148-54-97(185)154-89(119(207)164-82(48-92(130)180)114(202)169-86(57-175)116(204)163-81(46-67-23-14-11-15-24-67)113(201)158-73(27-18-39-143-125(135)136)107(195)166-84(122(210)211)47-68-30-32-69(178)33-31-68)60-213-214-61-90(171-118(206)88(59-177)170-117(205)87(58-176)168-108(196)74(28-19-40-144-126(137)138)156-106(194)72(26-17-38-142-124(133)134)157-112(200)79(44-63(4)5)161-101(189)70(128)55-173)120(208)162-80(45-66-21-12-10-13-22-66)103(191)147-50-93(181)146-51-95(183)152-71(25-16-37-141-123(131)132)105(193)160-77(36-42-212-8)110(198)165-83(49-98(186)187)115(203)159-75(111(199)172-99)29-20-41-145-127(139)140/h10-15,21-24,30-33,62-65,70-90,99,173-178H,9,16-20,25-29,34-61,128H2,1-8H3,(H2,129,179)(H2,130,180)(H,146,181)(H,147,191)(H,148,190)(H,149,192)(H,150,209)(H,151,182)(H,152,183)(H,153,184)(H,154,185)(H,155,188)(H,156,194)(H,157,200)(H,158,201)(H,159,203)(H,160,193)(H,161,189)(H,162,208)(H,163,204)(H,164,207)(H,165,198)(H,166,195)(H,167,197)(H,168,196)(H,169,202)(H,170,205)(H,171,206)(H,172,199)(H,186,187)(H,210,211)(H4,131,132,141)(H4,133,134,142)(H4,135,136,143)(H4,137,138,144)(H4,139,140,145)/t64-,65-,70-,71-,72-,73-,74-,75-,76-,77-,78-,79-,80-,81-,82-,83-,84-,85-,86-,87-,88-,89-,90-,99-/m0/s1

Also called

ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide)

Caveat on these identifiers

NCT07617675 studies recombinant human BNP, not ANP.

Notes unverified prose

Multiple human studies; NCT07617675; Multiple human IV infusion studies

Not on file 1

1 of the 8 fields we track hold nothing on this record, and each says why. A blank field is a bug; a named absence is a finding.

amino-acid sequencenothing we hold supplies it

Each field links to every other record missing the same thing. The full ledger holds 765 gaps across 163 records.