Longevity & Cellular Health; Cognitive & Neuroprotection

NAD+ Boosting / Precursor Peptides

This record covers the NAD+ precursors — chiefly nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide mononucleotide — which are not peptides at all, whatever the name they are sold under. They are taken to raise nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), the cofactor every cell needs for energy production and for the sirtuin enzymes, and whose concentration falls with age. The human evidence here is the strongest in this category and also the most precisely bounded: six randomised placebo-controlled trials show that swallowing them does raise NAD+ safely, and one found improved muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women. That the cofactor rises is settled; whether raising it changes the course of ageing is the question none of those trials asked.

Last updated 12 August 2026

Studied forNAD+ repletion research · Mitochondrial function research · Ageing biomarker context

Evidence on file6 randomised human trials · 1 in-vitro study

Strongest sourceChronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is well-tolerated and elevates NAD+ in healthy middle-aged and… (randomised human trial)

Mechanism

Feed the NAD+ salvage pathway, riboside via nicotinamide riboside kinases and mononucleotide via NMNAT, raising NAD+ available to sirtuins.

Reported effects

What sources associate with this compound. Reported categories, not outcomes we have graded — each would need its own citation and rung.

NAD+ repletion research
Mitochondrial function research
Ageing biomarker context

Dosing on file unverified

IV: 250-1,000 mg per session; Oral NMN/NR: 250-1,000 mg/day; SubQ: 50-200 mg; IV: 250-1,000 mg; Oral NR/NMN: 300-1,000 mg/day; Intranasal: 25-50 mg

Carried from a source that labels it unverified, and reproduced with that label attached. A record of what is reported, not a recommendation. No citation on this page establishes it.

Half-life, storage & sport

In sport (WADA 2026): not recorded as a yes or no — depends on the specific compound at all times if unapproved the list Not a single substance. NMN and NR are not prohibited; any unapproved peptide sold as an NAD+ booster would fall to S0. Status not determinable at this level of aggregation.

Literature on file 7

in vitro
Nicotinamide Riboside Kinase Structures Reveal New Pathways to NAD+ (2007, cited 139x) graded on: X-ray crystal structures of human Nrk1 with substrates; cell-free — read from the abstract — “abstract review”
human RCT
Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is well-tolerated and elevates NAD+ in healthy middle-aged and older adults. graded on: names a randomised controlled trial — the indexed publication type — “Randomized Controlled”
human RCT
Nicotinamide Riboside Augments the Aged Human Skeletal Muscle NAD+ Metabolome and Induces Transcriptomic and Anti-inflammatory Signatures. graded on: names a randomised controlled trial — the indexed publication type — “Randomized Controlled”
human RCT
Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women. graded on: names a randomised controlled trial — the indexed publication type — “Randomized Controlled”
human RCT
A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of nicotinamide riboside in obese men: safety, insulin-sensitivity, and lipid-mobilizing effects. graded on: a randomised trial — “randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial”
human RCT
The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial. graded on: randomised and placebo-controlled — “randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled”
human RCT
Safety and Metabolism of Long-term Administration of NIAGEN (Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride) in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial of Healthy Overweight Adults. graded on: randomised and placebo-controlled — “Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled”

Identity

Space-filling 3D model of NAD+ Boosting / Precursor Peptides, carbon grey, nitrogen blue, oxygen red — Built from the SMILES on this record — the atoms and bonds are exact. The shape is **one computed low-energy pose**, not a measured structure: a flexible peptide in solution has no single conformation, and where the SMILES leaves a stereocentre undefined the pose commits to one arbitrarily. The skeletal formula below claims connectivity and nothing more, which is what we actually know.

2D chemical structure of NAD+ Boosting / Precursor Peptides — Built from the SMILES on this record — the atoms and bonds are exact. The shape is **one computed low-energy pose**, not a measured structure: a flexible peptide in solution has no single conformation, and where the SMILES leaves a stereocentre undefined the pose commits to one arbitrarily. The skeletal formula below claims connectivity and nothing more, which is what we actually know.

Molecular weight: 664.4
Molecular formula: C21H28N7O14P2+
CAS number: 151411-04-0
PubChem CID: 5893 (NAD+)
InChI key: BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-O
SMILES: C1=CC(=C[N+](=C1)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)N4C=NC5=C(N=CN=C54)N)O)O)O)O)C(=O)N
InChI: InChI=1S/C21H27N7O14P2/c22-17-12-19(25-7-24-17)28(8-26-12)21-16(32)14(30)11(41-21)6-39-44(36,37)42-43(34,35)38-5-10-13(29)15(31)20(40-10)27-3-1-2-9(4-27)18(23)33/h1-4,7-8,10-11,13-16,20-21,29-32H,5-6H2,(H5-,22,23,24,25,33,34,35,36,37)/p+1/t10-,11-,13-,14-,15-,16-,20-,21-/m1/s1

Also called

NAD+ Boosting Peptides
NAD+ Precursor Peptides

Caveat on these identifiers

Source files disagreed on evidence tier for this peptide.

Notes unverified prose

Clinical trials: ; oral NMN/NR safely raise NAD+ at 250-2,000 mg/day; NR 100-1,000 mg oral dose-dependent NAD+ increase; NMN 250-500 mg daily; NR 500 mg BID in trials; NR/NMN 250-1,000 mg/day; multiple human trials

Not on file 2

1 of the 8 fields we track hold nothing on this record, and each says why. 1 further absence is named below. A blank field is a bug; a named absence is a finding.

amino-acid sequencenot applicable to this compound
half-lifenothing we hold supplies it

Each field links to every other record missing the same thing. The full ledger holds 765 gaps across 163 records.

At a glance

Strongest rung: human RCT
Citations: 7
Regulatory: Human research reported (unverified)
Route: Intravenous / Oral / Subcutaneous, IV / Oral / SubQ / Intranasal
Declared gaps: 2

Citations by rung

human RCT6
in vitro1

Strongest wins, never an average.