Recorded under Weight, alongside 4 other indications.

Compounds with a graded row

Ordered by rung, strongest first. The rung rates the study design; the chip beside it says what the study measured. Both are needed.

1. Cagrilintide

   human RCT Direct outcome In registered trials

   Who was studied

   adults with obesity, or overweight with at least one weight-related comorbidity; n=706, 26 weeks

   A dose-finding phase 2 trial randomised participants to five cagrilintide doses, placebo, or liraglutide 3.0 mg, and measured change in body weight over 26 weeks. The evidence comes from a clinical population enrolled for obesity or overweight with a comorbidity, not from people in the healthy range managing their weight. Cagrilintide is not approved anywhere, alone or in combination.

   Source PubMed 1 primary source read for this row

2. Dulaglutide

   human RCT Direct outcome Not approved for this condition

   Who was studied

   adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin; n=1842, 52 weeks; neither BMI nor weight was an enrolment criterion

   AWARD-11 measured change in body weight only as a secondary endpoint over 52 weeks; the primary endpoint was HbA1c and enrolment was by glycaemic control. The evidence comes from a diabetes population, not from healthy people managing weight, and no trial of dulaglutide selected for weight in people without diabetes is on file. Dulaglutide has no weight-management approval anywhere.

   Source PubMed 1 primary source read for this row

3. Exenatide

   human RCT Direct outcome Not approved for this condition

   Who was studied

   obese women without diabetes, mean BMI 33.1, n=41, 35-week crossover with two 16-week treatment periods

   A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study measured body weight change; mean loss was 2.49 kg on exenatide against a 0.43 kg gain on placebo. The evidence comes from obese women only — a clinical population, not people in the healthy range managing their weight — men were not enrolled, and no phase 3 weight programme for exenatide is on file.

   Source PubMed 1 primary source read for this row

4. Pramlintide

   human RCT Direct outcome Not approved for this condition

   Who was studied

   obese adults not treated with insulin, mean BMI 37.8, 80 percent female; n=204, 16 weeks

   A phase 2 randomised placebo-controlled dose-escalation study measured body weight and waist circumference over 16 weeks, with a placebo-corrected weight reduction of 3.7 percent. The evidence comes from a clinical population with a mean BMI of 37.8, not from people in the healthy range managing their weight. Pramlintide's approval is as a mealtime insulin adjunct in diabetes; the obesity programme did not proceed to registration and no weight-management approval is on file.

   Source PubMed 1 primary source read for this row

5. Semaglutide

   human RCT Direct outcome Approved for this condition

   Who was studied

   adults with BMI >=30, or >=27 with at least one weight-related coexisting condition, without diabetes; n=1961, 68 weeks

   STEP 1, a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial, measured percentage change in body weight over 68 weeks alongside lifestyle intervention, and the FDA approval is specifically for chronic weight management at those BMI thresholds. The evidence comes from a clinical population enrolled by BMI, not from people in the healthy range managing their weight; no trial below those thresholds is on file.

   Source PubMed 1 primary source read for this row

6. Tirzepatide

   human RCT Direct outcome Approved for this condition

   Who was studied

   adults with BMI >=30, or >=27 with at least one weight-related complication, without diabetes; n=2539, 72 weeks

   SURMOUNT-1, a phase 3 randomised placebo-controlled trial, measured percentage change in body weight at 72 weeks; the FDA approval for chronic weight management carries the same BMI thresholds as enrolment. The evidence comes from a clinical population enrolled by BMI, not from people in the healthy range managing their weight; participants with diabetes were studied separately in SURMOUNT-2.

   Source PubMed 1 primary source read for this row

7. VK2735

   human RCT Direct outcome In registered trials

   Who was studied

   adults with BMI >=30, or >=27 with at least one weight-related comorbidity, BMI <50; n=176, 13 weeks

   The VENTURE phase 2 trial of weekly subcutaneous VK2735 set percent change in body weight from baseline to week 13 as its primary outcome. The trial is short and small relative to the registrational obesity programmes, the evidence comes from a population enrolled by BMI rather than from people in the healthy range managing their weight, and no approval exists for any condition.

   Source ClinicalTrials.gov 1 primary source read for this row

8. Brinp-2 Related Peptide (BRP)

   animal in vivo Direct outcome Not approved for this condition

   Who was studied

   fasted lean mice, diet-induced obese mice, and minipigs; no human study on file

   Food intake and body weight were measured in mice and pigs after administration of the 12-amino-acid BRINP2-derived peptide. Every figure on file is a mouse or minipig figure; no human has received BRP in any study located, so nothing here bears on weight management in people.

   Source PubMed 1 primary source read for this row

Checked, and nothing recorded

1 compound was checked against weight management and produced no gradeable row.

• Amylin — checked, no row on file

A compound is here because someone looked and the sources did not support a row — not because nobody looked. Under the rubric, uncertainty resolves to no row, and a row resting on a vendor page or a clinic blog is worse than no row at all.